Virtual Access to products enabling curiosity-driven science for geohazard and multi-risk assessment

WP3 provides a framework for virtual access to products enabling curiosity-driven sciences for geohazard and multi-risk assessment, and is divided into 5 service portfolios, each of which offer a set of services within cross-disciplinary and synergetic scientific  disciplines. Each service portfolio refers to a specific task in the workpackage, as follows:

Harmonized GNSS and Satellite Products for Geohazard Analysis

Hosting institution:

Univeristy of Beira Interior (UBI), Portugal

URL:

Description:

The EPOS-GNSS Product Gateway (or Products Portal) stores and disseminates position time series, velocities, and Strain rate maps derived from GNSS solutions. Time-series are provided by the Analysis Centers for all processed GNSS stations. Velocities (horizontal and vertical) are also provided by Analysis Centers with respect to different tectonic plates. Strain Rates are based on the densified EPN-EPOS solution for the whole of Europe. Registration is necessary to download the products.

The GNSS Products Portal (coordinates, time series, velocities, strain rates) are produced by the following Analysis Centers:

  • INGV: Instituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy
  • LM: Lantmäteriet, Sweden
  • ROB: Royal Observatory of Belgium, Belgium
  • SGO: Satellite Geodetic Observatory, Hungary
  • UGA: Université Grenoble Alpes, France
  • WUT: Warsow University of Technology, Poland

The “EPOS-GNSS displacements for geohazard and anthropogenic events (3)” service aims to provide (together with the VA2-32-5 and VA2-32-6 services hosted at CNRS and INGV, respectively) 3-component position displacements associated with known events such as antenna changes at GNSS stations, earthquakes, volcanic unrests, landslides, or post-seismic relaxation at all GNSS station, and will be made available through the GNSS Products Portal.

Target community/users:

Geodetic and non-geodetic experts such as geophysicists, seismologists, structural geologists, hydrologists, modelers, oceanographers, meteorologists, data scientists, and other technical users (e.g., mapping agencies).

Estimated users/year:

1.000 to 10.000

Community standards:

SINEX, PBO Position, PBO Velocity, JSON, GeodesyML

Hosting institution:

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Italy

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Italy

URL:

  • The service is still not published online; a webpage allowing the data download will be opened by April 2023 and a web service will be built by end of 2023, following the database definition.

Description:

This service provides the slip distributed source derived from geodetic data after significant earthquakes. More specifically, the service makes available shapefiles containing the source parameters and points with observed and modelled geodetic data.

Target community/users:

Geodesists, seismologists, geologists, and civil protections

Estimated users/year:

100 to 1.000

Community standards:

Not yet, but it will conform with formats and metadata used in EPOS

Hosting institution:

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain

URL:

  • Not yet accessible online. The services will be tested and operative along 2023.

Description:

The 3D-DEF service consists of processing tools for the determination of surface three dimensional (3D) displacements through a combination of Earth Observation, EO (both SAR and optical) and GNSS data. In addition, the service will provide processing tools to couple deformation measurements with models and inversion techniques, thus estimating physical parameters such as masses anomalies or pressures sources. Therefore, in practice, 3D-DEF service can be considered as divided into two services (two different processing tools) for: (i) determination of 3D surface displacement combining EO (both SAR and optical) and GNSS data, and (ii) interpretation of obtained geodetic data.

Target community/users:

Scientists and researchers, students in Earth sciences

Estimated users/year:

100 to 1.000

Community standards:

The system will output the results in two different formats: ASCII tables and Raster (Geotiff) files.

Hosting institution:

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France

Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), France

URL:

  • The service is not accessible online yet, but will be accessible through EPOS-GNSS Products Portal by early 2025 and through EPOS ICS-C portal by the end of the project.

Description:

The “EPOS-GNSS displacements for geohazard and anthropogenic events (1)” service aims to provide (together with the VA2-32-6 and VA2-32-7 services hosted at INGV and UBI, respectively) 3-component position displacements associated with known events such as antenna changes at GNSS stations, earthquakes, volcanic unrests, landslides, or post-seismic relaxation at all GNSS station, and will be made available through the GNSS Products Portal.

For each GNSS station included in EPOS-GNSS, the date and value of offsets associated with earthquakes / volcanic unrests / landslides, the amplitude of the relaxation following each earthquake and associated relaxation time, and the offsets associated with any change or antenna / receiver at the GNSS stations will be provided. The amplitude and phase of periodic seasonal components could also be provided.

Target community/users:

The users include scientists (experts in tectonics, geology, seismology, geodesy, gravitational instabilities, volcanology, hydrology), governmental offices, civil protection

Estimated users/year:

100 to 1.000

Community standards:

We plan to use and adapt the UNAVCO PBO off format, that is an international standard.

Hosting institution:

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Italy

URLs:

Description:

This service consists in the availability of tables of co-seismic GPS displacements that occurred after the main recent earthquakes in Italy: Amatrice (Central Italy, Mw 6, 2016 august 24th), Visso (Central Italy, Mw 5.9, 2016 October 26th), Norcia (Central Italy, Mw 6.5, 2016 October 30th), L'Aquila (Central Italy, Mw 6.3, 2009 April 6th), Albania (Mw 6.4, 2018 November 26th). The co-seismic displacements tables do not represent an iterative service, they are fixed tables available on the RING web site (http://ring.gm.ingv.it/).  The co-seismic GPS displacements are useful to observe the permanent deformation that occurred during an earthquake and are helpful for the characterization and the modelling of the earthquake source.

Target community/users:

Geodetic and seismological communities

Estimated users/year:

1.000 to 10.000

Community standards:

These tables represent traditional GPS offset files. They are in ASCII format and represent a standard to retrieve the useful information, i.e. the offset for each component (North, East and Up) as well as their uncertainties.

Hosting institution:

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France

Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), France

URL:

  • The service is not yet accessible online. We plan to publish the first new products on the EPOS catalogue in 2024, and make the service available beginning 2025.

Description:

This service aims to give added value to satellite imagery products generated by services of the Satellite Data TCS of EPOS using GNSS data available from the GNSS TCS of EPOS. It will make the comparison of measures of ground displacements from different techniques easier and will provide harmonized products where relative displacement measurement from satellite imagery are tied to GNSS stations.

The service will be provided in the frame of the GDM (Ground Deformation Monitoring) services of the TCS Satellite Data of EPOS with a priority to the GDM-SAR service that create InSAR products (like interferograms or InSAR times series). The service allows the following tasks to be undertaken:

  • Search for GNSS station available in the spatial extent of the GDM products
  • Identify what part of the GNSS time series are within the period of time covered by the GDM products.
  • Extract the GNSS positions at the time of image acquisition
  • Convert the GNSS displacement into the displacement component of the GDM product (e.g. radar Line-of-Sight for InSAR product)
  • Tie the relative displacement time series or velocity maps given by GDM with the GNSS data to put them into a same reference frame.
  • The tied dataset will be a new EPOS SAT-Data product with extended metadata to include information relative to the use of GNSS data.

Target community /users:

Users interested into ground displacements (Earthquake, tectonic, subsidence, volcanoes, landslides) in areas covered by GNSS stations available in EPOS.

Estimated users/year:

Less than 100

Commuity standards:

The service will use the standards followed by the TCS Satellite data and GNSS of EPOS.

Hosting institution:

Εθνικό Αστεροσκοπείο Αθηνών (NOA), Greece

URL:

Description:

This service, under development, builds upon the opensource software STRAINTOOL https://dsolab.github.io/StrainTool. The aim is to provide strain rate maps from joint inversions of GNSS velocities and InSAR LOS (line-of-sight) velocities.

Target community /users:

Solid Earth Scientists, geologists, seismologists, graduate and post-graduate students

Estimated users/year:

Less than 100

Community standards:

We plan to use the following tools/standards: Python Software Foundation. Python Language Reference, version 3.x. Available at http://www.python.org ; The Generic Mapping Tools – GMT version > 6.0.0; Numpy package version >1.15; SciPy package version > 1.7.0; Flask microframework for Python (v1.0.2); Bootstrap open source toolkit (v4.2); Leaflet open-source JavaScript library (v1.4.0)

Hosting institutions:

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France

Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), France

Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), France

URL:

Description:

We provide 3-component daily position time series for all GNSS stations included in EPOS-GNSS. The time series positions are computed in double-difference using the open-source software package GAMIT-GLOBK, and are internally consistent, meaning that it has been generated from raw data (RINEX files) at one single Pan-European processing center with one strategy. Velocities are computed from the time series using MIDAS software, that enables a statistical analysis of the raw time series in which any documented jump (e.g., antenna changes, earthquakes) has been flagged. This allows for a robust trend estimation of the secular velocity of each station that is not affected by local jumps or transient movements.

Target community /users:

The users include scientists (experts in tectonics, geology, seismology, geodesy, gravitational instabilities, volcanology, hydrology,...), governmental offices, civil protection

Estimated users/year:

1.000 to 10.000

Community standards:

We use and adapt the UNAVCO PBO formats, which are international standards:

  • The PBO pos format for time series
  • The PBO vel format for velocities

Hosting institution:

Lantmäteriet (LM), Sweden

URL:

Description: 

Horizontal strain rates, i.e. deformation changes in the crust, are calculated from GNSS-derived velocities. Essentially, these are differences in position changes with time, of a set of GNSS stations. The service is updated whenever a new official EPOS velocity field is made available through the EPOS GNSS Products Portal. This will be done within four weeks of accessing the velocity field. The final result files are assigned metadata, a DOI number and a corresponding landing page.

Target community /users:

Researchers in geodynamics, geohazard, seismicity

Estimated users/year: 100 to 1.000

European Catalogues for Geohazard Analysis

Hosting institution:

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Italy

URLs:

Description:

The European Databases of Seismogenic Faults (EDSF) installation offers services that distribute data about seismogenic faulting proposed by the scientific community, or solicited to the scientific community, or stemming from project partnerships that involved the use or development of the EDSF installation itself. In 2022, the installation portal (https://seismofaults.eu/) provided access to five different datasets, two at the European scale (EDSF13 and EFSM20) and three at the Italian scale (the latest three versions of the DISS), offered through 38 OGC WFS layers and 54 OGC WMS layers.

The service distributes machine-readable information on seismogenic faults for input to earthquake hazard analyses (ground shaking, tsunami) or tectonic/geodynamic modelling, including harmonized datasets on 3D geometry and behaviour of seismogenic crustal faults and subduction systems.

Target community/users:

Academic/Research community; Regional and national civil protection authorities; insurance companies; prevention and preparedness organizations; general public.

Estimated users/year:

1.000 to 10.000

Community standards:

OGC WFS and WMS, GeoJSON

Hosting institutions:

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Italy

Stiftelsen Norges Geotekniske Institutt (NGI), Norway

URL:

Description:

The EMTCv2 catalogue provides a collection of 290 historical tsunamis generated in the European and Mediterranean seas from 6150 B.C. to 2014, classified by the generating cause, whereas the ITED database furnishes a collection of evidence documenting the tsunami effects observed along the Italian coasts.

The redundant service A will further populate the EMTCv2 database; this new data, which is not available online yet, is currently being compiled and organised in order to be adapted to fit the in terms of format, metadata, etc.

Target community/users:

Academic/Research community, general public.

Estimated users/year:

1.000 to 10.000

Community standards:

The service provides data according to fdsn-event, OGC WFS, OGC WFS standards (GeoJSON, GML2, KML, SHAPE, csv).

Hosting institution:

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Italy

URL:

Description:

The ASTARTE Paleotsunami Deposits database—NEAM region is a web-based relational geographic database comprising a total of 151 sites and 220 tsunami evidence (events) recorded for the whole North Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean seas region. The database structure is characterised by two main tables: Site and Event (tsunami). The database is plotted through one layer called Site.

Target community/users:

Academic/Research community, General public

Estimated users/year:

100 to 1.000

Community standards:

OGC WFS

Hosting institutions:

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain

Stiftelsen Norges Geotekniske Institutt (NGI), Norway

Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), France

URL:

Description:

The Euro-Mediterranean Submarine landSlide database (EMSS21) is a catalogue of submarine landslides of the Mediterranean Sea and the European continental margins of the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. The catalogue is compiled from data available in the literature as well as information collected from geophysical data and not published in the scientific literature. The service offers mapping data and information related to submarine landslides of the Mediterranean Sea and European Continental margins through OGC standards. Those maps in the form of polygons and polylines can be consumed over the internet and or displayed through a dedicated web page. The service offers data as polygons and polylines for landslide deposits and scars and information relative to age, volume, area, runout, typology, geological setting, depth, slope, inferred trigger mechanism, relationship to fluid flow as well as relevant metadata. The catalogue aims to offer improved understanding of mass-wasting processes, the potentially resulting tsunamis and derived geohazard.

Target community/users:

The data is targeted to the administration and public sector (land & ocean-use management), academics and the offshore industry (renewable and non-renewable, pipeline and telecommunication cables) as well as related service companies

Estimated users/year:

100 to 1.000

Community standards:

OGC WMS, WFS, KML

Hosting institution:

Association Centre Sismologique Euro-Méditerranéen (EMSC), France

Helmholtz Zentrum Potsdam Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Germany

Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ), Switzerland

URL:

  • The harmonised service is not yet available, though development is now underway with priority given to access and dissemination of the reference catalogue. This is anticipated for mid-2024.

Description:

This service will provide access to the updated European-Mediterranean Earthquake Catalogue (EMEC), a harmonized catalogue of instrumentally recorded earthquakes in Europe from 1900 CE to the present, along with additional seismological source parameters for well-studied earthquakes.

The European-Mediterranean Earthquake Catalogue is constructed by integrating and harmonising diverse earthquake bulletins, compilations, and special studies across Europe. The service aims to make the catalogue accessible to the scientific community via a graphical web interface where data can be queried and downloaded according to the user's selection, as well as via a FDSN web service that can allow for automatic retrieval to permit integration of the catalogue into other data services. A reference catalogue will be compiled and updated on a regular (annual) basis, but for specific regions and earthquakes more detailed seismological parameterisations of the earthquake seismogenic source are available, which can also be disseminated via the service when available.

The service does not aim to provide a real-time catalogue; however, tools are also designed to allow users to apply the EMEC harmonisation procedures to their uploaded data files, which can provide the possibility for automatic generation of an "EMEC-equivalent" moment-magnitude harmonised catalogue in real time, where required. The service will provide the reference European-Mediterranean Earthquake Catalogue, along with its associated documentation, for regions and time-periods selected by the user. Additional seismological source parameters for selected earthquakes (including, for example, source spectrum, corner frequency, energy magnitude, stress drop etc.) can also be disseminated via this service. The service will also contain tools to apply the EMEC harmonisation procedures to user-uploaded catalogues.

Target community /users:

Academic/Research community; Regional and national civil protection authorities; insurance companies; prevention and preparedness organizations

Estimated users/year:

1.000 to 10.000

Community standards:

QuakeML will be one of several data formats to which the catalogue can be exported, while querying of the catalogue via the API will use current FDSN standards.

Hosting institution:

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Italy

URL:

Description:

AHEAD, the European Archive of Historical Earthquake Data 1000-1899, is a distributed archive aiming at preserving, inventorying and making available data sources on the earthquake history of Europe, such as papers, reports, macroseismic intensity distributions, and parametric catalogues. AHEAD relies on independent, regionally managed data archives. At present, eight regional nodes team up in AHEAD covering Italy, France, Switzerland, Spain, Catalunya, Belgium, and Greece. Data on areas not covered by regional nodes is retrieved form the scientific literature. AHEAD can be queried by earthquake, to access the datasets related to each individual earthquake, or by data source. AHEAD provides access to the parameters assessed in the European PreInstrumental Earthquake Catalogue EPICA 1000-1899 and to all the available published parameters form alternative regional catalogues, to macroseismic data from supporting seismological studies and to the bibliographic metadata of the considered sources.

AHEAD thus provides access to:

  • earthquake parameters from the European PreInstrumental Earthquake Catalogue EPICA 1000-1899
  • earthquake parameters form alternative regional catalogues
  • macroseismic intensity data distributions
  • bibliographical metadata of the archived data sources

Target community /users:

Seismologists, earthquake hazard researchers and practitioners, engineers, geologists, civil protection officers and volunteers, general public. 

Estimated users/year:

1.000 to 10.000

Community standards:

The services provide data according to fdsn-event, OGC WFS, OGC WFS standards (QuakeML 1.2, GeoJSON, GML 3.2, GML 3.1, GML 2, Dublin Core XML, RDF, BibTex) and in-house standards.

Hosting institution:

Veðurstofa Íslands (IMO), Iceland

URL:

  • Access is expected to be implemented during 2023.

Description:

Installation has not yet started of a standard fdsn service to provide access to the SIL/VI instrumental earthquake catalogue on the IMO VOLC data access platform. When ready, the service will provide access to the earthquake catalogue (2015-2019) from the SIL/VI network.

Target community/users:

The target users belong to the volcanological monitoring and research community

Estimated users/year:

Less than 100

Community standards:

When completed the service will be according to fdsn quakeML standard.

Hosting institutions:

Veðurstofa Íslands (IMO), Iceland

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Italy

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain

URL:

  • The form of service is under development, expected to be released by September 2024. The Catalogue is currently accessible online at https://volcanos.eurovolc.eu/

Description:

The European Catalogue of Volcanoes and Volcanic Areas (ECV) is a unique coherent pan-European database created through a common effort of the European volcano observatories. It contains information on selected key volcanoes and their related hazards as well as location of active volcanoes within the monitoring territories of France, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain and the UK. It was created in the European project EUROVOLC (2018-2021), using the previously designed Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes from the European FUTUREVOLC project (2012-2016) as a template. The service ECV has been divided into different parts: (1) the Icelandic volcanoes, (2) the Italian volcanoes and the (3) the Spanish volcanoes. This service gives access to detailed information related to volcanoes in Europe, both in English and original language. At the moment it is proposed as a Web site within the EUROVOLC project main pages.

The ECV exposes i) a list of active European Volcanoes and related volcanic hazards, ii) structured information related to the volcano (e.g., geological setting and tectonic context, morphology and topography, info on the plumbing system, eruptive history, iii) references, iv) pictures, etc).

Target community/users:

Researchers and scientists in general, Academia, Public, Civil Protection authorities, schools, students and Private sectors

Estimated users/year:

1.000 to 10.000

Community standards:

The description of different volcanoes is verbose. Only some info follows standards (e.g., Smithsonian ID, VONA communications)

Hosting institutions:

Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), France

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Germany

URL:

  • Not yet accessible online, expected by September 2024.

Description:

The Volcano Information System (VIS) has been developed in the framework of ARISE project derives from a cooperation between Toulouse Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC), the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), and CEA.

VIS has been designed to trigger notifications of ongoing volcanic eruptions in poorly instrumented regions using remote and global infrasound observations.

Within the ARISE projects, VIS has evolved from a proof-of-concept into a prototype, providing promising results that demonstrate a capability mature enough to be deployed in a real-time environment and used as an operational notification system.

The ARISE service of the class “European Catalogues for Geohazard Analysis Infrastructure” based on VIS links the atmosphere and solid Earth communities, offering opportunities for cross-disciplinary research. This service will be integrated into HOTVOLC / European Catalogues for Geohazard Analysis Infrastructure, capitalizing on existing multi-year archives of infrasound observations and real-time infrasound data from experimental arrays operated by University of Firenze (Italy).

Target community/users:

The volcano research community. But ultimately: the Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres and their users

Estimated users/year:

100 to 1.000

Hosting institution:

Veðurstofa Íslands (IMO), Iceland

URL:

  • The form of service is under development, expected to be released by September 2024. The Catalogue of Icelandic eruptions is currently accessible online at https://icelandicvolcanoes.is//# under the ERUPTION SEARCH tab.

Description:

The service allows to access the catalogue of eruptions that occurred at Icelandic volcanoes since the Holocene. Key volcanoes and volcanic eruptions are included, e.g. Hekla, Katla, Eyjafjallajökull, Grímsvötn and Bárðarbunga This service returns a list of volcanic eruptions from Bárðarbunga, Eyjafjallajökull, Grímsvötn, Katla and Hekla volcanoes and associated fissure swarms. It provides verbose descriptions as well as quantitative information about relevant volcanological parameters characterizing the eruptions.

Target community/users:

Researchers and scientists in general, Academia, Public, Civil Protection authorities, schools, students, Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers and Private sectors

Estimated users/year:

1.000 to 10.000

Community standards:

A metadata standard has been developed within the EUROVOLC project, but it does not reflect an international standard.

Hosting institution:

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Italy

URL:

  • The form of service is under development, expected to be released by September 2024.

Description:

The service will distribute info on two parameters used for geohazard assessment, and related to active volcanoes monitoring and research studies: a list of infrasound events and a collection of strain maps.

This service will give access to detailed information related to multidisciplinary research processes and used data coming from the monitoring network, installed in active volcano areas. In particular the service provides a catalogue of infrasound events (using the well known format of a seismic events catalogue) and, in the form of maps/images, strain maps related to Mt. Etna volcano, acquired in specific time windows

Target community/users:

Research activity in general, Academia, Public and Private sectors.

Estimated users/year:

100 to 1.000

Community standards:

The catalogue follows the FDSN standard. Maps and/or images will be harmonized to the most common strategies used for InSAR signal and data processing representation.

Hosting institution:

Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), France

URL:

 

Description:

This is a catalogue of output from the AtmospheRic InfRasound by Ocean Waves (ARROW) microbarom wave generation product implemented at the HPC DATARMOR calculation center of IFREMER. ARROW uses the acoustic term obtained from the Hasselmann integral produced by the spectral wave model WAVEWATCH-III® on a global scale. ARROW will contribute to the development of innovative atmospheric remote sensing method to provide new constraints of the middle atmosphere dynamics. The ARROW product includes: the Hasselman integral, the acoustic sources term globally, the acoustic transformation coefficient which accounts for bathymetry and radiation pattern, and the grid transformation files allowing to reconstruct synthetic microbarom signals at any place of the globe.

Target community /users:

ARROW has been developed at the forefront of multi-disciplinary research linking the ocean wave, seismic and atmospheric communities.

Estimated users/year:

100 to 1.000

Community standards:

The files are stored in netCDF4 format with internal compression based on netCDF 4.7.3. The global attributes included in the netcdf files described the metadata.

European Geohazard Products

Hosting institution:

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Italy

URL:

Description:

The NEAM Tsunami Hazard Model 2018 (NEAMTHM18) is a probabilistic hazard model for tsunamis generated by earthquakes in the NEAM region (North-East Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and connected Seas). The hazard results are provided by hazard curves calculated at 2,343 Points of Interest (POI), distributed along the coastlines at an average spacing of ~20 km. For each POI, hazard curves are given for different percentiles. Probability and hazard maps are derived from hazard curves. All data are also accessible through an interactive web mapper and Open Geospatial Consortium standard protocols. The model was prepared in the European Project TSUMAPS-NEAM (https://tsumaps-neam.eu/).

Target community/users:

Academic/Research community; Regional and national civil protection authorities; insurance companies; prevention and preparedness organizations

Estimated users/year:

100 to 1.000

Community standards:

OGC WFS and WMS

Hosting institution:

Stiftelsen Norges Geotekniske Institutt (NGI), Norway

URL:

  • Not yet available, expected by September 2024.

Description:

This service provides dynamic hazard maps in user-defined areas for rainfall-induced landslides. The maps change as a function of the rainfall scenario provided by the user. The maps are built by combining the susceptibility classes of the specified areas with the rainfall scenarios. Different susceptibility classes are defined on the basis of DEM, geomorphological information and average annual rainfall. The combination of susceptibility classes and rainfall intensity inputs, provided by the user, produce the hazard map. Therefore this service provides a first-pass, dynamic landslide hazard mapping facility based on rainfall intensity as an input. The landslide susceptibility and hazard maps can be generated for any region of the world.

Target community/users:

All users with general understanding of landslide hazard.

Estimated users/year:

Less than 100

Hosting institution:

Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ), Switzerland

URL:

Description:

The hazard.EFEHR web platform provides access to interactive tools such as seismic hazard models, products and information. The distributed data, models, products, and information are based on research projects carried out by academic and public organisations.

The service provide access to regional and national seismic hazard models. Currently, the seismic hazard models and resources for Europe, the Middle East, the GSHAP global model and the Swiss Seismic Hazard Model are available. The hazard.EFEHR web-platform also provides access to input catalogues, source models, and computational input files of regional and national hazard models.

Target community/users:

research, engineers, insurance, general public

Estimated users/year:

10.000 to 100.000

Community standards:

AlI output data for hazard results are in GEM's NRML format: https://docs.openquake.org/oq-engine/1.4/schema.html 

Hosting institution:

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Italy

URL:

Description:

The service provides access to the European ShakeMaps web portal, which includes the real-time calculation of ShakeMaps for events with M > 4 in the Euro-Mediterranean area. ShakeMap-EU provides a collaborative framework and laboratory for seismological agencies to address the challenges posed by the heterogeneity of ground-shaking mapping strategies in Europe and the need to promote homogenization and best practice in this area. The ShakeMap-EU service provides quick and free access to shaking maps for earthquakes with a magnitude greater than 4 that occur in Europe. These maps are available in various formats and can be downloaded from the ShakeMap-EU website at http://shakemapeu.ingv.it/.

The system automatically generates ShakeMaps using the location and magnitude information provided by the European Seismological Centre (EMSC) website at https://www.emsc-csem.org/. Shaking data, which are used to calculate the maps, are distributed by the European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA) and can be accessed at orfeus-eu.org/data/strong. All products on the ShakeMap-EU site are downloadable and accessible to anyone with an internet connection. Maps are available for six different ground motions, including intensity, PGA, PGV, and Sa at 0.3s, 1.0s, and 3.0s, and they come in various formats such as jpg and pdf. Additionally, the analyses are provided in several other useful formats including raster, shape, and grid files, and the associated uncertainties are also provided. Furthermore, users can download all of the input files that were used for the analysis, as well as the applied configurations in terms of the ground motion model and site effects.

Target community/users:

The ShakeMap-EU service targets a diverse community, ranging from earthquake engineers, civil protection agencies, and the media, to the general public. The generated maps are employed in various scientific contexts, such as real-time calculation of earthquake impact, estimation of fatalities and economic losses, and research studies.

Estimated users/year:

100 to 1.000

Community standards:

The service adopts the standards of the USGS ShakeMap software (https://github.com/usgs/shakemap). The input data for location and magnitude are in XML format, as are the shaking data. The extended fault can be added in json format.

Hosting institution:

Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ), Switzerland

URL:

  • Not available yet online, prototype exists at ETHZ and plan is to integrate with EU ShakeMap framework. Expected by September 2024.

Description:

This service provides the likelihoods of earthquake-induced mass-movements based on ground shaking from EU ShakeMap and geomorphological proxies. This service will be integrated within the EU ShakeMap service to provide maps of the likelihood of landslides following earthquakes with magnitude greater than 4 that occur in Europe.

Target community/users:

Earth science; earthquake and geotechnical engineering; rapid response; civil protection agencies.

Estimated users/year:

Presently less than 100

Community standards:

Aligned with ShakeMap formats (see EU ShakeMaps Databases) and rendering style.

Hosting institution:

Association Centre Sismologique Euro-Méditerranéen (EMSC), France

URL:

Description:

The felt reports service provides, through a delayed webservice, the felt reports collected by the EMSC for felt earthquakes around the globe. Felt reports differ from online macroseismic data such as Did You Feel It (USGS) by replacing the online questionnaire by a set of cartoons depicting different shaking and damage levels. The intensity value is assigned by the user choosing the cartoon appropriate to their situation. Cartoons make global collection of eyewitness reports easier and faster. A real time service for identified end-users (such as the EU ShakeMap service) will be developed.

Target community/users:

rapid response; civil protection agencies; seismological agencies; ShakeMap providers

Estimated users/year:

More than 100.000

Hosting institution:

Veðurstofa Íslands (IMO), Iceland

URL:

Description:

The service allows to open static maps (e.g. png images) showing the probabilistic hazard due to volcanic SO2 contamination at ground level for selected Icelandic volcanoes; e.g. Bardarbunga/Holuhraun. The maps are provided for selected SO2 concentration thresholds and have been produced for eruptive scenarios of reference (i.e. Holuhraun eruption in 2014-2015). The numerical model CALPUFF has been used to simulate the dispersal of SO2 in the atmosphere and 10 years of meteorological data have been processed to get a statistics in atmospheric parameters. SO2 exposure guideline is available at https://data.epos-iceland.is/files/hazard/documentation/so2_guideline/volcanicexposure.pdf.

Target community/users:

Researchers and scientists in general, Academia, Public, Civil Protection authorities, schools, students and Private sectors

Estimated users/year:

100 to 1.000

Community standards:

Some metadata were defined within the EPOS VO-TCS community (https://www.readkong.com/page/epos-tcs-volcano-observations-makes-hazard-information-5204691).

Hosting institution:

Veðurstofa Íslands (IMO), Iceland

URL:

Description:

The service allows to open static maps (e.g., png images) showing the probabilistic hazard due to tephra fallout for selected Icelandic volcanoes; e.g. Hekla, Katla and Öræfajökull. The maps are provided for selected tephra ground loading thresholds and have been produced for eruptive scenarios of reference. The numerical model VOL-CALPUFF has been used to simulate the dispersal of tephra in the atmosphere and 10 years of meteorological data have been processed to get a statistic in atmospheric parameters.

Target community/users:

Researchers and scientists in general, Academia, Public, Civil Protection authorities, schools, students and Private sectors

Estimated users/year:

100 to 1.000

Community standards:

Some metadata were defined within the EPOS VO-TCS community (https://www.readkong.com/page/epos-tcs-volcano-observations-makes-hazard-information-5204691), but they are not international standards.

Hosting institution:

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Italy

URL:

Description:

The service provides virtual access to two Pythoon software tools to (i) perform long-term probabilistic volcanic hazard assessment (PyBetVH) and (ii) track probabilistically the short-term evolution of volcanic unrest (PyBetUnrest). For the former application, the service allows software to be run to compute and display hazard curves and probability maps for the implemented volcanic hazard, based on geological and historical record of the studied volcano (or analogue one), and available modelling results. For the latter application, the service allows software to be run to merge past occurrences of unrest at the studied (or analogue) volcano and current monitoring data to provide probability of magmatic or hydrothermal unrest and eruption, and of vent location.

Target community/users:

Researchers, Students, Hazard Practitioners

Estimated users/year:

Less than 100

Hosting institution:

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain

URL:

  • Not yet accessible online, expected by September 2024.

Description:

This web service will offer access to different tools to perform volcanic hazard assessment on active volcanic areas. The tools provided by the webservice will allow performing: (i) spatial probability analysis/maps of the probability of occurrence of a specific area to host a future eruptive event; (ii) hazard maps illustrating the probability of a certain area to be invaded by a lava flow in the future; (iii) tephra fallout hazard maps for explosive volcanoes; and (iv) hazard maps illustrating the probability of a certain area to be invaded by pyroclastic density current (PDC) in the future.

Target community/users:

Researchers and scientists in general, Academia, Public, schools, students and Private sectors

Estimated users/year:

Less than 100

Related Installations:

  • Spatial probability analysis/maps
  • Lava flow invasion hazard maps
  • Tephra fallout hazard maps for explosive volcanoes (1)
  • PDCs hazard maps (EH; GVF; Deception)
  • Probabilistic volcanic hazard assessment (maps)

Hosting institution:

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain

URL:

Description:

This service gives access to information related to volcanic hazard assessment at volcanoes worldwide. This web service offers different types of maps related to volcanic hazard assessment on active volcanic areas. Currently, it is possible to download from specific locations: (i) spatial probability analysis/maps of the probability of occurrence of a specific area to host a future eruptive event; (ii) hazard maps illustrating the probability of a certain area to be invaded by a lava flow in the future; (iii) tephra fallout hazard maps for explosive volcanoes; (iv) hazard maps illustrating the probability of a certain area to be invaded by pyroclastic density current (PDC) in the future ; and (v) probabilistic volcanic hazard assessment (maps). These maps are static and based on the geological record including information about fractures, past eruptions, etc.

The service provides access to the maps and also information regarding the methodology, input data used to develop the volcanic hazard assessment, temporal and spatial framework considered, related published references, authors, etc.

Target community/users:

Researchers and scientists in general, Academia, Public, schools, students and Private sectors

Estimated users/year:

Less than 100

Community standards:

The description of the different maps was agreed among the EPOS VO-TCS working group during the implementation of the service. However, it does not follow a specific standard. Only some info follows standards (e.g. Smithsonian ID)

Hosting institution:

Veðurstofa Íslands (IMO), Iceland

URL:

Description:

The service allows to visualize the results of dispersal forecasting for both tephra and volcanic SO2 executed daily at the Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO). The simulations show the evolution of tephra/ash atmospheric transport for hypothetical eruptions at key selected Icelandic volcanoes. The meteorological data adopted to run the dispersal models are provided by ECMWF. The NAME model is used for simulating the dispersal of tephra and CALPUFF model is used to simulate the dispersal of volcanic SO2. Results are sorted by latest date of hypothetical event. In case of real eruption, the service will provide access to the simulations produced for the ongoing event. The service redirects to a webserver developed by the Icelandic Meteorological Office for visualizing the results of daily forecast of volcanic ash and SO2 distribution. The interface is interactive and allows to query the model results. It provides output from different dispersal models for volcanic ash and SO2 executed during eruption in Iceland, as well as for hypothetical scenarios.

Target community/users:

Researchers and scientists in general, Academia, Public, Civil Protection authorities, schools, students and Private sectors

Estimated users/year:

100 to 1.000

Community standards:

No standards are used, except the thresholds of concentrations used to visualize the results. Such thresholds are defined by https://ust.is/english/air-climate/air-pollution-during-a-volcanic-eruption/ as well as those adopted by Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers.

Hosting institution:

Veðurstofa Íslands (IMO), Iceland

URL:

  • Not yet accessible online

Description:

The service is intended to provide access to the weekly report created by the IMO summarizing the status of volcanoes and their activity. This summary includes an overview on seismicity, deformation, geochemical data and other observations available to the Volcano Observatory in Iceland to assess their status. It will be a verbose description of volcano status and it will be provided in a common format such as pdf.

Target community/users:

Researchers and scientists in general, Academia, Public, Civil Protection authorities, schools, students and Private sectors

Estimated users/year:

Less than 100

Community standards:

General guidelines on the quality assessment for these kinds of reports have been done across some Volcano Observatories in Europe.

Hosting institution:

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Italy

URL:

Description:

The service provides early warning multidisciplinary Volcanic Reports based on Mt. Etna and Mt. Stromboli volcanoes used for Civil Protection Agency. Usually the reports are generated weekly, but in case of eruption they could be integrated by real time reports. The files are produced in pdf format, due to Civil Protection purposes and the used language is Italian. The payload is represented by a pdf file, the API provides machine readable parameters.

Target community/users:

Research activity in general, Academia, Governmental and Public sectors.

Estimated users/year:

Less than 100

Community standards:

The files are approved and used by the vulcanological community.

Hosting institution:

Veðurstofa Íslands (IMO), Iceland

URL:

Description:

The service allows to access the current status of Icelandic volcanoes as coded through the Aviation Color codes. It also allows to investigate this parameter as function of time and see how the Aviation Color code has been changing through time. It allows to investigate the Aviation color code for volcanoes such as Katla, Oraefajokull and Hekla.

Target community /users:

Researchers and scientists in general, Academia, Public, Civil Protection authorities, schools, students and Private sectors

Estimated users/year:

100 to 1.000

Community standards:

Standards are defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) as part of the International Aviation Volcano Watch framework.

Hosting institution:

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Italy

URLs:

Description:

The service provides Aviation Alerts from the Volcano Observatory (VONA) based on Mt. Etna and Mt. Stromboli volcanoes, and gives access to an early warning product on ash dispersion. The files are produced in pdf format and the language used is English. The service is suitable for all Italian active volcanoes. The messages are aimed at dispatchers, pilots and air traffic controllers to inform them of volcanic unrest and eruptive activities that could produce ash cloud dangers. The API will also provide machine readable parameters and the dataset is updated in a continuously every week.

Target community/users:

Research activity in general, Academia, Public sectors and also dispatchers, pilots and air traffic controllers.

Estimated users/year:

100 to 1.000

Community standards:

VONA structured files are approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and used worldwide.

European Multi-risk Products

Hosting institutions:

Universitá degli Studi di Napoli Federico II (UNINA), Italy

University College London (UCL), United Kingdom

URL:

Description:

The European Tsunami Risk Service (ETRiS) aims to collect, harmonize and make available tsunami risk related data (e.g., impact, damage, consequences), data products (e.g., fragility and vulnerability curves), software, and services in a way that they are findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable by a broad user base. ETRiS is part of the candidate Thematic Core Service for tsunami (http://tsunamidata.org) and is integrated into the Data Portal of the European Plate Observing System (EPOS, https://www.ics-c.epos-eu.org). This web platform (https://eurotsunamirisk.org) provides data products and services required for probabilistic tsunami risk analysis (PTRA) in a multi-risk context.

This service provides the following:

  • Maps: visualizing data products and data sets
  • Data Products: damage scales, fragility curves, consequence models, vulnerability curves
  • Tsunami Impact and Consequence Datasets: selected raw/processed datasets of impact and damage incurred by tsunami
  • Tsunami Risk Modeller’s Toolkit: software and tools for tsunami risk analysis, stand-alone software and tools for post-processing raw data, model testing and validation
  • E-Learning: Online teaching material, Jupiter notebooks, docker applications for probabilistic analysis and uncertainty characterization and propagation, fragility and vulnerability modelling, model testing and selection
  • User support/user testing and feedback workshops.

In terms of products, this service provides:

  • Data: selected raw/processed datasets of impact and damage incurred by tsunami
  • Data products: damage scales, fragility curves, consequence models, vulnerability curves
  • Software: software and tools for tsunami risk analysis, stand-alone software and tools for post-processing raw data, model testing and validation

Target community/users:

Researchers, tsunami service providers, private sector (engineers, insurance industry)

Estimated users/year:

100 to 1.000

Community standards:

The service uses the Simple Features standards, formalized by SO 19125-1:2004 and OGC, for the shapefiles that it makes available. The service uses GEM’s NRML, The Natural Hazards’ Risk Markup Language, format for the fragility curves that it makes available.

Hosting institution:

Stiftelsen Norges Geotekniske Institutt (NGI), Norway

URLs: 

Description:

This is a webservice that provides access to a global tsunami exposure layer that combines the inundated area for a global tsunami hazard with a 475 year return period, with number of people exposed. The service is available both as a WMS layer and WCS layer. The service provides the synthetic 475 year return period hazard data (wet and dry points, indicated as 1 or 0 values respectively - "Runup" layer) as well as the relative exposed number of population via web services available to GIS tools such as QGIS and ARCGIS. Landscan data is combined with the simulations to retrieve the number of exposed persons per square kilometre, given by the "ExposurePopPrSqKm" layer. The user can interact and use the data via the GIS platform.

Target community/users:

Researchers, disaster risk practitioners, industry, regional stakeholders.

Estimated users/year:

Less than 100

Community standards:

Web service provision through OGC.

Hosting institution:

University College London (UCL), United Kingdom

URL:

Description:

The Tsunami engineering Structural Analysis Hub (TSEAHub) - is a website (https://www.tseahub.net/) that provides access to tsunami structural analysis and assessment tools. TSEAHub hosts tools from research groups around the world and all of which are free and opensource. Currently the site provides access to rapid visual survey tools for exposure data collection and post-tsunami damage assessment. It also contains tools for tsunami risk index evaluation of hospitals. Current development includes making available a structural analysis toolkit for building structural models and running tsunami pushover analyses. Efforts are being made to expand the number of international contributors of tools and to expand the training provided in the use of the available tools.

Target community/users:

TSEAHub: engineers, academic community

Estimated users/year:

Unknown

Hosting institution:

Centro Europeo di Formazione e Ricerca in Ingegneria Sismica (EUCENTRE), Italy

URL:

Description:

The European Seismic Risk Services are hosted at the EUCENTRE (Italy) and provide the risk services of the European Facilities for Earthquake Hazard and Risk (EFEHR), a consortium of organisations and community resources aimed at advancing earthquake hazard and risk assessment in the European-Mediterranean area. The set of services provide interactive access to exposure, vulnerability, site model and seismic risk data from the European Seismic Risk Model (ESRM20).

The group of services provide access to open repositories of data and models related to ESRM20, maps of these data and models, and web services for automated access.

The service provides interactive access to the following:

  • exposure data and models for European residential, commercial and industrial buildings and their occupants;
  • fragility and vulnerability models for classes of European buildings;
  • site response data and models at European scale;
  • earthquake scenario models;
  • the newly released European Seismic Risk Model (ESRM20);
  • input files for the OpenQuake-engine open-source software.

Target community/users:

Engineers, risk/cat modellers, risk managers, civil protection, insurance/reinsurance industry, researchers, PhD/master students, scientific media

Estimated users/year:

10.000 to 100.000

Community standards:

The OpenQuake-engine .csv and .xml formats for exposure, vulnerability and site model data. For maps, Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo) standards.

Hosting institution:

Helmholtz Zentrum Potsdam Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Germany

URL:

Description:

This service provides open and dynamic high-resolution exposure data based on open exposure models, open building data and other open datasets. The open building data mainly comes from OpenStreetMap. The provide exposure data is updated minutely with any change in OpenStreetMap. The service provides exposure data aggregated over 100x100m tiles or larger to preserve privacy but is constructed on the building-by-building level. Where no building data is present, the Global Human Settlement Layer is used to estimate the spatial distribution of buildings. The service employs a distributed processing engine to update the exposure data per building as changes are coming in. The service provides country extracts of exposure data. These extracts are static and carry a DOI. They are created with a time-fixed version of the input data to ensure reproducibility of the products. Additionally, access to the dynamic data is offered for emergency cases in which the most recent data is most needed. The country extracts are provided as SpatiaLite databases containing all raw data and specific views to easy visualize key aspects of the data (e.g., in QGIS). The service also provides an API for accessing the data from the dynamic database and run damage and loss estimates. Additionally, all software used to build this model is provided as open-source on the GFZ GitLab. Furthermore, the service provides a web-map service to visualize non privacy relevant data.

Target community/users:

Scientists, researchers, risk modelers, first responders, policy makers, insurance

Estimated users/year:

Less than 100

Community standards:

All software is written in Python and is open source (licensed under AGPL) and uses standard libraries. The development and version management is done on GitLab following high standards of the open-source community. Databases used are the open-source standards PostGIS, and SpatiaLite. OGC standards are used. For the loss estimates, QuakeML is used as input for the earthquake parameters.

Hosting institution:

University College London (UCL), United Kingdom

URL:

  • Not yet accesible online. Expected by September 2024.

Description:

The Multi-Hazard Vulnerability Database (MVDat) service aims to provide a searchable interface and access to fragility and vulnerability models for several assets and hazard types. MVDat a one-stop shop for fragility and vulnerability models and provides these in a standardised format, facilitating comparison. Each fragility/vulnerability model is output with an associated quality score to aid model selection for use in risk models. The MVDat database and User Interface (UI) consist of a cloud-hosted back-end hosting a standardised RDBS and a web-based data input and retrieval interface. The current version of MVDat RDBS includes bespoke hazard descriptors that allow users to specify if hazards and/or processes within a hazard and whether they are co-occurring or if they are sequential, and also which process is the predominant one in terms of the damage observed. The types of assets have been expanded from buildings, infrastructure, crops and people, to include more categories of industrial buildings and energy infrastructure. The metadata has been improved as has standardisation of data entry.

Target community/users:

risk modellers, academic community, insurance sector, civil engineering consultancies. Currently, only internal usage is expected until the client-side interface is developed and deployed

Estimated users/year:

Unknown

Community standards:

Incorporates hazard taxonomy consistent with ThinkHazard and exposure taxonomy consistent with GEM’s Building Taxonomy (GED4ALL). Currently the service is looking to also integrate with the Open Data Standards developed recently for the insurance sector.

Hosting institution:

Fondazione Global Earthquake Model (GEM), Italy

URL:

  • The service is not yet accessible, expected by September 2024.

Description:

The European Earthquake and Secondary Hazards Impact Database contains data that characterizes both the ground motion and impact of past destructive events in Europe. Users of the database will be able to access information regarding the ground shaking recorded by seismic stations in the region, solutions for the rupture proposed by various sources, hazard footprints compatible with the OpenQuake-engine, and reported or estimated impact. The impact metrics, available at different spatial resolutions, include number of damaged buildings, economic losses, injured, fatalities and population left homeless. The generated hazard footprints can be used by risk modelers within the OpenQuake-engine to perform earthquake scenarios or to test existing earthquake risk models.

Target community/users:

The target users of the database are risk modellers, earthquake engineers, seismic hazard modellers and seismologists. Since the database comprises basic impact data, data analysts and risk managers can also use it.

Estimated users/year:

100 to 1.000

Community standards:

The database uses GEM’s Building Taxonomy to classify the building stock and the ruptures are defined in the OpenQuake-engine NRML format.

Hosting institution:

Università degli Studi di Pavia (UNIPV), Italy

URL:

Description:

Experimental data that allows the validation and calibration of numerical models on the vulnerability of buildings and infrastructure is fundamental for the evaluation, and consequent reduction, of risk from natural hazards. This service provides open access to the vast amount of experimental data relating to the vulnerability of buildings and infrastructures, which have been generated by hundreds of experimental tests in laboratories around the world. This service allows users to easily search for and download open experimental test data from structural and geotechnical laboratory tests. This service also supports the submission of test datasets from the scientific community. The service provides the data recorded in a large number of structural and geotechnical laboratory tests in an easily downloadable zip file, with associated readme and documentation.

Target community/users:

Engineers, structural analysis software developers, vulnerability/risk modellers, cat modellers, PhD/master students and researchers

Estimated users/year:

Less than 100

Community standards:

The GEM Building Taxonomy is used in the classification of the experimental tests.

Hosting institution:

Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ), Switzerland

URL:

Description:

NRML (Natural Hazards’ Risk Markup Language) is a data model and XML-based data interchange format that is being developed by GEM.

It is being used in the communication layer between different components of the OpenQuake engine, as an output and archive format for computations performed with the engine, and for data interchange with external applications. NRML standards will be extended to capture the multi-risk and loss model development and integration.

The present scope of NRML is seismic hazard and risk. In the future, it is planned to extend the scope to other natural hazards, such as floods and tsunami, for the definition of input and output for the OpenQuake Software (https://github.com/gem/oq-engine).

Target community/users:

academia, earth scientists, engineers

Estimated users/year:

100 to 1.000

Community standards:

extension of the NRML (Natural Hazards’ Risk Markup Language)

European Geohazard and Risk Testing

Hosting institution:

Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich  (ETHZ), Switzerland

URL:

  • Not yet accesible, it will be available in the 2023 Q4

Description:

Individual and ensemble earthquake forecasts for Europe, i.e., the time dependent probabilities of earthquakes at any location in Europe over varying time windows, will be offered and tested at the European sites of the Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability (CSEP), an international effort aimed at conducting and rigorously evaluating earthquake forecasting experiments. Such models and tests enable scientists to conduct cutting-edge research on earthquake predictability, one of the geosciences' major frontiers. To provide access to statistical models, relevant information, and documentation, an open access community platform will be developed. Furthermore, the service will allow users to compare earthquake forecasting models with catalogues for any given region. These services will enable standardised and transparent statistical model implementation, as well as provide community benchmarks for future model development.

Target community /users:

Academia, earth scientists, engineers

Estimated users/year:

100 to 1.000

Hosting institution:

Centro Europeo di Formazione e Ricerca in Ingegneria Sismica (EUCENTRE), Italy

URL:

Description:

This is a new and improved service that is being offered as part of the European Seismic Risk Services, and provides the outputs of the European Seismic Risk Model (ESRM20) for a large number of past scenarios in Europe, and compares these with the reported losses. This service can therefore be used to benchmark other risk models (e.g. from the insurance industry) against ESRM20. This service will make use of the data collected in European Multi-Hazard Impact Database.

Target community/users:

Engineers, risk/cat modellers, risk managers, civil protection, insurance/reinsurance industry, researchers, PhD/master students, scientific media

Estimated users/year:

100 to 1.000

Community standards:

The OpenQuake-engine .csv and .xml formats for exposure, vulnerability and site model data.

Hosting institution:

Helmholtz Zentrum Potsdam Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Germany

Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ), Switzerland

URL:

  • Not yet available, expected by September 2024.

Description:

Earthquake forecasting models needs to be updated with the ever-increasing knowledge and observational data of the earth. However, a substantial scientific progress can be only done through the testing of our proposed hypotheses, that explain earthquake occurrence processes. A Testing Center encompasses the data and computational artefacts to generate a forecast and evaluate it against prospective earthquake observations. The CSEP 2.0 service will enable the seamless deployment of testing experiments in Europe for long-term and short-term forecasting models, delivering results continuously, so that scientists can monitor their models’ performance and take decisions regarding new research directions.

The service will therefore run testing experiments in Europe, designed in collaboration with regional/national stakeholders and institutions, to validate available forecasting models. Experiments will be run continuously, as new authoritative data is acquired.

The following products will be made available:

  1. Testing experiments' results, i.e. competing forecasts, earthquake observations and evaluations results. Results will be distributed at different levels of abstraction, from raw data to end-user summaries and visualizations.
  2. Entire computational software and data artefacts to allow an experiment's reproducibility.

Target community/users:

Researchers, Scientific and National Institutions that use or develop forecasting models.

Estimated users/year:

100 to 1.000

Community standards:

The service will use and publish testing catalogsue in quakeML and geoJSON formats, although the CSEP application provides multiple catalogue accessors and writers.